Deaths due to heat wave effect and water deficit in 2019.
Death from heat stroke is frequently manifested by the combined action of the water deficit in the body, the high climatic demand caused by the heat wave and the joint action of the different climate factors acting on the individual. The analyze studies from the results in the summer and spring of 2019, report that the supply of liquids in the summer amounted to 2425 ml / day. Body water deficit was evaluated at values of 1.9 to 2.3 ml / min for urine flow. The fatalities amount to more than 4000 deaths from heat waves and are reported by Spain, Poland, Lithuania, France, the Netherlands, Italy and India, these increased with the increase in temperatures as a consequence of global warming in relation to the year 2017 and 2018. Juan G. R., Juan Prado J. A. and Juan G. R. Deaths due to heat wave effect and water deficit in 2019. Water and Irrigation Vol.: 11, No. 1: 25-29, May 5, 2020, Spain.
From the investigations on the flow of urine and its relationship with the climatic factors that were carried out in Alicante for 3 years, 2017-2019 for the different seasons of the year, which consider winter, spring, summer and autumn, the body water deficit for values of 1.9 to 2.3 ml / min for urine flow and for a normal flow of urine with values greater than 2.9 ml / min, during Phase 1 of the investigations, which are included between the period of time between 1.0 am and 10.0 am.
Climatic factors were taken from AEMET data sources at the El Altet Climatic station located about 10 km away from where the investigations were conducted, daily evaluating the behavior of urine and influencing climatic factors: temperature, barometric pressure, relative humidity and wind speed.
Research indicates that in adults, the water deficit and the lack of water in the body, reflect that it is necessary to take an adequate supply of water, so to counteract the adverse effects of heat waves during the summer and spring, Normally, around 2 liters of liquid should be taken daily, in addition to which more water must be supplied when intense heat waves appear, additionally contributing 100 to 200 ml each time the different heat waves appear. The liquid supply during the summer of 2019 amounted to 2425 ml / day when considering the additional water contribution due to the effect of the heat wave. In addition, an additional contribution of 700 ml / day must be added for the water contained in the ingested food: fruits, vegetables, different meats and fish, cereals, grains and other foods.
The results obtained are in agreement with those reported by the Carlos III Health Institute in Spain for the period 2000-2009, which indicate that it is necessary to increase care for certain groups of the population, such as the elderly, children and some chronically ill As a consequence of the effects of heat waves, these already cause risky situations for those who work in the sun during the central hours of the day and can also affect young people.
The population’s exposure to heat is increasing due to climate change, and this trend will continue. On a global scale, it is observed that extreme temperature phenomena are increasing in terms of their frequency, duration and magnitude. Between 2000 and 2016, the number of people exposed to heat waves increased by approximately 125 million. Exposure to excessive heat has far-reaching physiological impacts on all humans, and often amplifies existing conditions and results in premature death and disability, according WHO.
The hydric deficit and the scarcity of water in the body are manifested at different seasons of the year depending on the characteristics of the climatic year and the physiology of the individual, being generally more frequent during summer and spring. In the spring of 2019, there were 4 days with a water deficit, but in 2 of them the temperatures recorded for the time are considered normal, Table nº1. In the summer of 2019, the death toll and attention to cases due to heat stroke due to the effects of the heat wave increased considerably, 6 days with water deficit were recorded. See Table Nº2. In each period 90 evaluations were carried out, but in Tables 1 and 2 only show the days when there was a water deficit and some days with normal urine flow values, which are the most common observations.
Death from heat stroke is frequently manifested by the combined action of the water deficit in the body and the high climatic demand caused by the heat wave and the joint action of the different climate factors acting on the individual, as observed in the applied studies.
The year 2019 has been the warmest year in Europe and the second warmest year worldwide. In the month of January 2019 in the state of South Australia, the southern hemisphere reached 48.9ºC. France registered its highest temperature in history, 45.9ºC on June 28 in the southern city of Gallargues-le-Montueux. In Europe on July 25, national temperature records were registered in Germany, Belgium, Luxembourg, the Netherlands and the United Kingdom, with values above 40 º C. In this month of July the average temperature of the planet has already been at 1.2 degrees above the pre-industrial level.
The scorching heat wave that hit France this summer left 1,435 dead, according to the French Ministry of Health on 9/9/2019
Table No 1. Deaths due to heat wave effect and water deficit in urine in June 2019
Specification June | Time | Urine | T | Inten
sity |
Observations | Climate
Data |
Day-month | AM
Phase1 |
ml. | min. | ml/m | ||
13-4-2019
|
1.0-4.0
4.0-6.3 6.3-8.2
|
400
350 250
|
180
150 110
|
2.2
2.3 2.3
|
Water deficit.
Gusts wind 5 to 30 Km / h
|
H1.-4.0-8.0-5.0
T-º12-10-10-19 RH72-72-60-48 BP 997-996- 997-996 hPa |
18-5-2019
|
1.0-4.0
4.0-6.5 6.5-8.2
|
500
300 200
|
180
170 90
|
2.8
1.8 2.2
|
Water deficit.
Gusts wind 9 to 35 Km / h
|
H1.-4.0-8.0-5.0
T-º19-16-17-20 RH35-57-47-61 BP 989-987- 988-987hPa |
5-6-2019
|
1.0-3.0
3.0-4.4 4.4-6.1 6.1-8.2
|
400
500 350 300
|
120
100 90 130 |
3.3
5.0 3.9 2.3
|
Low BP, moderate high RH and moderate low GW influence urine Phase No.1.Upset at night on right foot due high RH | H1.-3.0-8.0-5.0
T-º19-17-19-29 RH82-87-78-14 BP 988-987- 986-989h Pa Gusts wind 8 a 58 Km/ h |
6-6-2019
|
1.0-3.0
3.0-5.1 5.1-7.1 7.1-8.1
|
300
250 200 150
|
120
130 120 60
|
2.5
1.9 1.7 2.5
|
Water deficit. As a result of the successive heat waves, Poland did not have a single day in June without drown, it registered a temperature of 38ºC, 150 people drowned during the month of June Spain T max 36ºC | H1.-3.0-8.0-5.0
T-º19-19-19-27 HR38-32-35-64 PB 992-992- 993- 992 hPa GW 13 a 3 7 Km/ h The body’s water reserves are low.
|
7-6-2019
|
1.0-3.0
3.0-4.0 4.0-6.0 6.0-8.3
|
250
150 250 370
|
120
60 120 150
|
2.1
2.5 2.1 2.5
|
Water deficit. Give additional 100 ml water. In Lithuania, 27 people have drowned in June in the lakes and rivers they use to cool off, T of 35.7 º C. | H1.-3.0-8.0-5.0
T º18-17-17-27 RH85-87-81-43 BP 992-991- 992-994 hPa Gusts wind 5 to 3 2 Km / h |
13-6-2019
|
1.0-3.1
3.1-5.1 5.1-8.2 |
450
400 500
|
130
120 190
|
3.5
3.3 2.6 |
BP low, moderate high RH and moderate low RV exert influence on urine Phase No. 1. Gusts Wind 22 to 54 Km / h | H1.-3.0-8.0-5.0
T-º20-20-20-25 RH84-88-79-55 BP 993-992- 992-989 hPa
|
17-6-2019
|
1.0-3.3
3.3-6.2 9´2-8.1 |
450
500 350
|
150
170 110
|
3.0
2.9 3.2
|
BP Low moderate influences urine Phase No.1.
Suspend water additional supply of 100 ml 7/6 |
H1.-3.0-8.0-5.0
T-º19-17-18-26 RH66-71-70-49 BP 998-998- 997-996 hPa GW 8-28 Km h |
Table No 2. Deaths due to heat wave effect and water deficit in urine in the summer of 2019
Espec. | Time | Urine | T | Intensity | Observations
|
Summer
Day- month |
AM
Phase 1 |
ml. | min. | ml/m | |
2019 | |||||
24-6- | 1.0-3.3
3.3-6.0 6.0-8.0 |
500
550 400
|
150
150 120 |
3.3
3.7 3.3 |
Germany recorded an absolute heat record of 40.5 ° C in the west of the country. The Netherlands – 38.8 º C and Belgium-39.9 º C recorded historical records. Spain 39C |
26-6- | 1.0-3.1
3.1-4.4 4.4-6.2 6.2-8.1 |
500
350 500 350 |
130
90 100 110
|
3.9
3.9 5.0 3.2 |
Additional supply 100 ml of water per heat wave. India reports more than 60 people died in the last days due to the heat wave of 43ºC. Maximum in some regions of Spain: 39ºC |
28-6- | 1.0-2.3
2.3-5.1 5.1-7.1 7.1-8.2 |
200
350 250 150 |
90
160 120 70 |
2.2
2.2 2.1 2.1 |
Water Deficit. Spain reports 2 heat deaths, one 16 years old worked in the field and the other of 93 years old, T higher than 41 º C. France reports 46 º C in the South of the country and 567 deaths from heatwave |
29-6- | 1.0-3.0
3.0-4.1 4.1-5.5 5.5-7.1 7.1-8.3 |
300
150 250 150 200 |
120
70 100 80 80 |
2.5
2.1 2.5 1.9 2.5 |
Water Deficit. New supply of supplemental water 150 ml to counteract heat wave effect. Spain registers 43 º C in some regions, reports 1 death and 2 incomes. |
1/ 7- | 1.0-3.0
3.4-4.1 4.1-7.1 7.1-8.4 |
300
150 400 150 |
120
70 180 90 |
2.5
2.1 2.2 1.7 |
Water Deficit. Spain reports a total of 5 deaths from heat wave in the week. In Alicante T max. 29 º C and T min. 22 º C. Spain 40 º C |
22/ 7- | 1.0-3.0
3.0-7.0 7.0-9.0 |
300
450 350
|
120
240 120
|
2.5
1.9 2.9
|
Water deficit. The Netherlands reports 2964 deaths from a 40ºC heat wave. France 868 deaths in July from a 43º C heat wave, Italy 3 deaths. In northern Germany some rivers and lakes dried up. In Spain T max 40ºC |
5/ 8- | 1.0-3.0
3.0-5.1 5.1-6.1 6.1-8,3 |
300
400 300 450 |
120 130
60 140 |
2.5
3.1 5.0 3.2 |
Eighth died from high temperatures this summer in Spain, one of them 36 years old and another 34. In Alicante T max 31ºC and T min 23º C |
11/ 8- | 1.0-3.3
3.3-6.1 6.1-8.1 |
350
350 250 |
150 160
120
|
2.3
2.2 2.1
|
Water deficit. New supply water 100 ml per heat wave for supplementary value of 350 ml, 9 cases of heat stroke was treated in Valencia
T max 43 º C in Xátiva and 41º C in Valencia |
13/ 8 | 1.0-3.3
3.3-5.2 5.2-7.3 7.3-9.0 |
400
400 450 300 |
150 110
130 90 |
2.7
3.6 3.5 3.3 |
Low moderate BP and moderate low GW influence urine Phase 1. A man of 44-year-old man dies in Castellon due to heat stroke at work. |
2/ 9 | 1.0-3.3
3.3-6.0 6.0-8.2 |
350
350 300 |
150
150 140 |
2.3
2.3 2.3 |
Water Deficit. The body’s water reserves are low. High RH causes bother in diabetic foot. |
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